Neet PG Hacker

Since we have posted  final revision points in almost all subjects along with the important high yield topics and facts , no more posts will be added for the next ten days exclusively for your final revision. Aspirants can search for the posts in the archives section. All the best for your exams !!!New posts will be added from Jan  11 th starting from anatomy  in a wholesome manner.. 

Mandibular nerve • Mandibular nerve exits skull from foramen ovale • Middle cranial fossa is supplied by maxillary and mandibular nerve • Nervous spinosus (meningeal branch) enters the skull through foramen spinosum. • Anterior division of mandibular nerve supplies Musc les of mastication mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric,medial pterygoid , tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini & Skin and mucous membrane of the cheek • Anterior division of mandibular nerve have 4 branches Massetric,External Pterygoid, Deep Temporal & Buccinators • Lingual nerve runs across the duct of the submaxillary gland

MUSCLES OF PECTORAL REGION • pectoralis major Forms anterior axillary fold • pectoralis major is not cut in posterio lateral thoractomy • pectoralis major insert into the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus • pectoralis major blood supply is mainly from pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery • Pectoralis minor crosses in front of axillary artery and divides it into three parts. • Removal of pectoralis minor and preservation of pectoralis major in Patey's mastectomy • Pectoralis minor is the only shoulder girdle muscle which is not inserted on the bone in free upper limb. • Pectoralis minor inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula. • Pectoralis minor draw scapula anterioinferiorly • serratus anterior is Cut in postero lateral thoractomy • serratus anterior protracts and rotates the scapula • serratus anterior attach to the costal (rib facing) surface of the medial border of the scapula • serratus anterior holds the scapula against the rib cage(forward)...

Prophylaxis & Treatment Of Typhoid Fever • Carrier are treated by β-lactamase inhibitors • The number of doses recommended for oral Ty21a typhoid vaccine is 3 • Vi polysaccharide vaccine for typhoid is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly • Ty21a is an oral vaccine in typhoid • Vi polysaccharide of bacterial cell used for vaccination • Treatment of choice for salmonella typhi is Ciprofloxacin • Typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine is usually administered in children above the age of 2 years • Vi polysaccharide is a subunit vaccine • Chemoprophylaxis is not required in Typhoid • Ty21a is the live attenuated vaccine in typhoid • Typhoid oral vaccine is given on 1, 3, 5 days • Immunity lasts for 3 years Need a booster • For a typhoid endemic country like India, the immunization of choice is Typhoral 21 A oral vaccine

Friedrich's Ataxia FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA Etiology: • The classic form of Friedreich's ataxia has been mapped to 9q13-q21.1, and the mutant gene, frataxin, contains expanded GAA triplet repeats in the first intron. There is homozygosity for expanded GAA repeats in >95% of patients. Characteristic Diagnostic features: • Chronic Slowly progressive cerebella,- ataxia • Absent lower limb deep tendon reflexes with an extensor plantar response • Associated features of • Cardiomyopathy • Diabetes • Spine or foot deformity

PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM Etiology: • There is tissue resistance to the effects of PTH, so PTH concentrations are markedly elevated • Type 1 a or Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) - GNAS1 mutation is inherited on the maternal chromosome  Clinical features: • Hypocalcemia • Hyperphosphatemia • Short fourth/fifth metacarpals and metatarsals with associated Cataract